این مقاله علمی پژوهشی (ISI) به زبان انگلیسی از نشریه الزویر مربوط به سال ۲۰۲۲ دارای ۱۶ صفحه انگلیسی با فرمت PDF می باشد در ادامه این صفحه لینک دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی و بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله موجود می باشد.
کد محصول: h798
سال نشر: ۲۰۲۲
نام ناشر (پایگاه داده): الزویر
نام مجله: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی (Research articles)
تعداد صفحه انگلیسی: ۱۶ صفحه PDF
عنوان کامل فارسی:
مقاله انگلیسی ۲۰۲۲ : حسابرسی، اثربخشی حسابرسی، و تمکین مالیاتی پس از حسابرسی
عنوان کامل انگلیسی:
Audits, audit effectiveness, and post-audit tax compliance
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چکیده فارسی
این پژوهش از یک مطلعه آزمایشگاهی برای بررسی تأثیر اثربخشی حسابرسی، یا سهم درآمد اظهار نشده ای که سازمان مالیاتی در حسابرسی تشخیص می دهد، بر تمکین مالیاتی پس از حسابرسی استفاده می کند. همچنین بررسی میکنیم که آیا اثرات حسابرسی به رفتار گزارشدهی مودیان مالیاتی قبل از حسابرسی بستگی دارد یا خیر. یافتههای ما نشان میدهد که حسابرسیهای مالیاتی اثرات متفاوتی بر تمکین مالیاتی پس از حسابرسی دارند به طوری که اثربخشی حسابرسیها نوع این اثرات را تعیین میکند، به این معنا که در حالی که حسابرسی های کارآمد ، تمکین مالیاتی پس از حسابرسی را افزایش می دهند، حسابرسی های ناکارآمد اثر معکوس دارند. ما همچنین دریافتیم که مودیان مالیاتی که نسبتاً تمکین مالیاتی بیشتری دارند ، بیشترین واکنش رفتاری را به حسابرسی نشان می دهند. نتایج ما نشان میدهد که اثرات بازدارنده خاص حسابرسی های مالیاتی بر تمکین مالیاتی نسبت به اثرات مدلهای استاندارد و رفتاری، مبهم تر است که این اثرات به اثربخشی حسابرسیها و رفتار گزارشدهی قبلی مالیاتدهندگان وابسته است.
کلمات کلیدی: تمکین مالیاتی، اثربخشی حسابرسی، بازدارندگی خاص، بازدارندگی کلی، مطالعات آزمایشگاهی
Abstract
This study uses a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of audit effectiveness , or the share of undeclared income that the tax agency detects in an audit, on post-audit tax compliance. We also study whether the effects of audits depend on a taxpayer’s report- ing behavior prior to the audit. Our findings show that tax audits have differential effects on post-audit compliance and that the effectiveness of audits determines these responses; that is, while effective audits increase post-audit tax compliance, ineffective audits have the opposite effect. We also find that relatively compliant taxpayers exhibit the strongest behavioral response to audits. Our results indicate that the specific deterrent effects of tax audits are more ambiguous than standard and behavioral models of tax compliance sug- gest, with these effects dependent on the effectiveness of audits and on the taxpayer’s prior reporting behavior.
Keywords: Tax compliance, Audit effectiveness, Specific deterrence, General deterrence, Laboratory experiments
۱.Introduction
Tax audits are an essential instrument in establishing and maintaining compliance, and increasing the number of audits has direct and indirect effects on taxpayer behavior. Audits have direct effects by raising revenue through the assessment of additional taxes, interest, and penalties on individuals who are audited. Additionally, tax audits have indirect effects by deterring future noncompliance among both audited taxpayers ( specific deterrence ) and unaudited taxpayers ( general deter- rence ). A growing body of research analyzes these direct and indirect deterrent effects of tax audits, and generally shows that more audits lead to more compliance ( Alm, 2019 ; Slemrod, 2019 ).
However, an important if often neglected feature of tax audits is that they do not always detect tax evasion when it is present and they may even find evasion when it is not in fact present. Early work by Feinstein (1991) suggeststhatthe average detection rates of senior tax examiners are around 50 percent. Indeed, in fiscal year 2018 U.S. taxpayers challenged over $10 billion in additional taxes recommended by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), while almost $4 billion of tax and penalties were under appeal in U.S. tax courts ( Internal Revenue Service, 2019 ). This audit effectiveness , or the tax administra- tion’s capacity to detect noncompliance in an audit, seems likely to affect a taxpayer’s behavioral response to enforcement. For example, Gemmell and Ratto (2012) and Beer et al. (2020) conclude that the specific deterrent effect of audits depends on the audit outcome. These studies find that tax audits increase subsequent, or post-audit, compliance among taxpayers who were found to be noncompliant, while they decrease compliance among those who were determined to be compliant. 1 These results raise important and unanswered questions about the effect of audit effectiveness on post-audit tax compliance. Specifically, it remains unclear from existing research whether audit effectiveness –especially the lack of effectiveness –affects the specific deterrence effect of enforcement. A related question is whether the effect of audits depends on a tax- payer’s reporting behavior prior to an audit; that is, it also remains unclear from existing research whether truly compliant and truly noncompliant taxpayers differ in their behavioral responses to enforcement…
۶.Conclusion
How do audits affect post-audit tax compliance? In this paper we study the specific deterrent effect of tax audits by analyzing two aspects of behavioral responses to enforcement. First, we investigate how ineffective audits that do not detect all undeclared income affect subsequent reporting behavior. Second, we examine the behavioral mechanisms that drive these responses and analyze differential responses of relatively noncompliant, relatively compliant, honest, and dishonest taxpayers. Moreover, our research design also allows us to test whether presenting the risk of detection as a compound risk with uncertain detection affects compliance decisions relative to a decision with certain detection in case of an audit. We investigate these issues in a preregistered laboratory experiment in which taxpayers receive income and decide how much they declare to the tax agency and in which they also face the risk of being audited and fined for undeclared income that is detected on audit. We introduce variation in the audit probability and in the audit effectiveness in order to assess behavioral responses to changes in these factors…
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