پارس پروژه پرتال خدمات دانشگاهی
این مقاله علمی پژوهشی (ISI) به زبان انگلیسی از نشریه الزویر مربوط به سال ۲۰۲۲ دارای ۱۱ صفحه انگلیسی با فرمت PDF می باشد در ادامه این صفحه لینک دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی و بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله موجود می باشد.
کد محصول: M1227
سال نشر: ۲۰۲۲
نام ناشر (پایگاه داده): الزویر
نام مجله: Technological Forecasting & Social Change
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی (Research articles)
تعداد صفحه انگلیسی: ۱۱ صفحه PDF
عنوان کامل فارسی:
مقاله انگلیسی ۲۰۲۲ : اثرات یارانه های دولتی بر نوآوری پایدار ناشی از همکاری دانشگاه و صنعت
عنوان کامل انگلیسی:
The effects of government subsidies on the sustainable innovation of university-industry collaboration
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Abstract
Public policies increasingly support sustainable innovation, yet are often criticized for their effectiveness. This paper analyzes how the government uses subsidies as an instrument to promote sustainable innovation in university-industry collaboration. Through a three-stage Stackelberg model, we explore the impact of different government subsidy strategies in terms of profit and social welfare. The results show that in a context where the government exercises subsidy strategies, actors within university-industry collaborations receiving the subsidy will generate more profit and greater social welfare. With the same level of effort, companies receiving government subsidies will generate greater social welfare. Regardless of the subsidy strategy, there is an equilibrium subsidy rate which maximizes social welfare, and its value is positively related to the external benefit coefficient. The conclusions of this article potentially provide a theoretical foundation for the government’s sustainable innovation subsidy policy. University-industry collaboration can moreover formulate strategies for promoting products.
Keywords: Government subsidy, University-industry collaboration, Sustainable innovation, Three-stage game
۱.Introduction
Public policies increasingly support sustainable innovation by subsidizing companies or public research, but they are often criticized for their effectiveness (Ma et al., 2019). On average, in OECD countries, public research which is carried out mainly within universities and similar organizations accounts for a third of total R&D spending. Consequently, strong collaborations between universities and industry are necessary for research to develop marketable innovations (Rybnicek & K¨onigsgruber, 2019). However, this type of collaboration is very heterogeneous depending on the sector of activity.
In order to increase these collaborations and achieve the world’s 2030 agenda for sustainable development, some countries develop subsidies in this domain and try to involve companies, public research institutions, and end-users. With more subsidies, companies can use smart devices to reduce product repetitiveness when designing their products. They can also use environmentally-friendly raw materials to reduce negative environmental impacts during production, and creative online promotion to reduce carbon emissions during sales. With increasing governmental awareness of sustainable innovation and development, consumers are more willing to purchase environmentally friendly products at higher prices. This has further prompted members in university-industry collaboration to increasingly focus on producing and selling products (Awasthy et al., 2020). However, developing and manufacturing products generates significant costs due to the economic uncertainty of innovation (Shankar, 2020), sometimes dampening the enthusiasm of university-industry collaborative alliance actors. Also, the prices of products tend to be higher. This can negatively impact the confidence of the companies producing these. To solve the dilemma of combining sustainable innovation and production, the government usually adopts subsidy strategies to promote innovation (Lee & Cin, 2010; Song et al., 2020)…
۷.Conclusion
The present conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the Government’s sustainable innovation subsidy policy and the strategies concerning sustainable innovation products of university-industry collaboration. Within a certain range of government subsidy rates, it is incorrect to conclude a rule that the higher the government subsidy, the better the social welfare and sustainable development of the university-industry collaboration. When the government subsidizes universities and research institutes, the company is the free rider. When the Government subsidizes the company, the universities and research institutes are the free riders. These free rider problems cannot be ignored by the Government in implementing subsidy programs because by undermining the trust between the partners of university-industry alliances, they can also be a brake on their success (Rybnicek & K¨onigsgruber, 2019)…
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