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این مقاله علمی پژوهشی (ISI) به زبان انگلیسی از نشریه الزویر مربوط به سال ۲۰۲۲ دارای ۱۳ صفحه انگلیسی با فرمت PDF می باشد در ادامه این صفحه لینک دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی و بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله موجود می باشد.
کد محصول: M1234
سال نشر: ۲۰۲۲
نام ناشر (پایگاه داده): الزویر
نام مجله: Technological Forecasting & Social Change
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی (Research articles)
تعداد صفحه انگلیسی:۱۳ صفحه PDF
عنوان کامل فارسی:
مقاله انگلیسی ۲۰۲۲ : نوآوری اجتماعی: ادغام نوآوری محصول و کاربر
عنوان کامل انگلیسی:
Social innovation: Integrating product and user innovation
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Abstract
The paper introduces a conceptual approach explaining how end users, user communities and /or for-profit firms provide benefits to society through new product or service development. We show that innovation may occur in different economic environments including non-market ones as well as that social innovation will not occur on its own in a purely producer for-profit environment. To explain such cases, we suggest integrating product and user innovation paradigms into the Producer-User Social Innovation (PUSI) Model that demonstrates how infrastructure and enabling technology is provided either by producer or user to introduce new market product or service. To provide face validity and illustrate the versatility of the proposed approach we consider five very different cases. These illustrative examples allowed to provide evidence that user-driven innovation is socially oriented in its nature as it implicitly addresses community or societal needs. In addition to providing insights into the nature of social innovation, the model can be utilized to help understand why social innovation may fail and how to increase the likelihood of success by engaging with appropriate for-profit producers, communities, and users. Implications to policy and practice are provided, including the opportunity for government to encourage social innovation directly and indirectly.
Keywords: User innovation, Social innovation, Product innovation, Do-it-yourself, Innovation policy, Enabling technology
۱.Introduction
The objective of this study is to develop a model that helps to explain social innovation by combining two existing types of innovation: product and user innovation. This is not only theoretically important, but also offers useful insights into cooperation between for-profit and notfor- profit actors (either organizations, individuals, or groups of individuals) whose combined efforts create economic and social benefits. While the product innovation literature tends to focus on the development of new goods and services by firms seeking economic profit, there is a long history of user-driven innovations showing that innovation might take place as a self-rewarded process when benefits are derived from use of a new product or service (von Hippel, 1988, 2005). As noted in Raasch and von Hippel (2013), users may benefit in a variety of ways such as fun, learning by developing innovations, or positive feelings associated with altruistic activities. Not-for-profit self-reward is motivated mostly by personal/hedonistic and/or social and altruistic interests (Roberts et. al., 2014). Despite the growth of mass market production, user-innovation continues to occur in many fields – including scientific equipment (von Hippel, 1988), sporting goods (Franke and Shah, 2003; Luthje et al., 2005; Tietz et al., 2005; Raasch et al., 2008), consumer goods (Luthje, 2004), and software (Urban and von Hippel, 1988; Franke and von Hippel, 2003; Henkel, 2006). Moreover, there are cases demonstrating how Do-It-Yourself (DIY) products open new market niches (Shah, 2006; Fox, 2013) and brings public into industry (Lee, 2014; Ng et. al., 2020). The user innovation phenomenon has created tremendous academic interest to better understand how users innovate and how user innovation spread out across national economies (Ogawa and Pongtanalert, 2011; von Hippel et al., 2012; de Jong et al., 2015; Kim, 2015; Pongtanalert and Ogawa, 2015; Fursov and Thurner, 2016). User innovation activity has led to discussions of how firms can internalize ideas from outside of the firm (Henkel and von Hippel, 2005; von Hippel, 2005; Chesborough, 2003; West and Bogers, 2014). Through the further development of the User Producer Innovation Model (Gambardella et al., 2016; von Hippel, 2017), the model is extended to develop a Producer User Social Innovation (PUSI) model that adds to the understanding of innovation as a social process and helps to better explain social innovation..
۶.Limitations and future research
The Production-User Social Innovation (PUSI) model explains how social innovation is driven and how it binds user communities and producers together. It is unclear, however, if the model can be applied to contexts other than social innovation. If the PUSI Model’s insights are limited to social innovation, then it is possible to better explain theoretically how social innovation differs from other forms of innovation. This would be an important step towards a general theory of innovation in which the contextual variables that innovation is dependent on are clearly defined. Alternatively, the PUSI model may provide insight into other forms of innovation. It is worth considering other forms of innovation – process, radical, incremental, disruptive – and whether the PUSI model can assist in understanding what is special/different about these other forms of innovation…
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