پارس پروژه پرتال خدمات دانشگاهی
کد محصول: R107
سال نشر: ۲۰۱۶
نام ناشر (پایگاه داده): الزویر
نام مجله: Addictive Behaviors
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی (Research articles)
تعداد صفحه انگلیسی: ۶ صفحه PDF
تعداد صفحه ترجمه فارسی: ۱۶ صفحه word
قیمت فایل ترجمه شده: ۲۵۰۰۰ تومان
عنوان فارسی:
مقاله ترجمه شده : نقش میانجی توانایی دانشجویان در امتناع از مصرف الکل ، در رابطه ی بین بی اختیاری با مصرف بیش از حد الکل
عنوان انگلیسی:
drinking refusal self-efficacy mediate the impulsivity–problematic alcohol use relation
چکیده فارسی:
شواهد زیادی نشان می دهد صفات شبیه به خودجوشی مرتبط با مصرف بیش از حد الکل هستند. با این حال، شناسایی مکانیسم های دخیل در این ارتباط یکی از حوزه های مهم تحقیقاتی است. خودکارآمدی در رد مشروبات الکلی (یا توانایی فرد در مقاومت در برابر الکل، DRSE) پیش بینی کننده مصرف الکل در بین دانشجویان بوده و یکی از واسطه های مهم رابطه خودجوشی-الکل است. مطالعه کنونی تاثیر غیرمستقیم ساختارهای متعدد مرتبط با خودجوشی (یعنی ضرورت، جست و جو به دنبال احساس و نقصان وجدان) از طریق چند جنبه DRSE (یعنی فشار اجتماعی، فرصت طلبی و تسکین عاطفی) روی مشکلات مربوط به مصرف الکل در نمونه بزرگی از دانشجویان (N=891) را بررسی کرده است. روی هم رفته نتایج نشان می دهد برخی از جنبه های خاص DRSE واسطه کننده های مهم رابطه بین ساختارهای مرتبط با خودجوشی و مشکلات مصرف الکل هستند.
به طور خاص، DRSE تسکین روحی واسطه گری برای روابط بین ضرورت و نقصان در وجدان و مشکلات الکل است، در حالی که DRSE اجتماعی واسطه گر مهم روابط بین ضرورت و جست و جو به دنبال احساس با مشکلات الکل می باشد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می دهد انواع خاصی از DRSE ها واسطه گرهای مهم روابط بین ساختارهای خودجوشی خاص و مشکلات مربوط به الکل هستند. این یافته ها از تلاش های مداخله و پیشگیری پشتیبانی می کنند که هدف آنها افزایش مهارت رد کردن مصرف الکل در دانشجویان، به ویژه دانشجویانی که برخی از ویژگی های شخصیتی آنها برجسته تر می باشد، می باشد تا مشکلات مربوط به مصرف الکل در این جمعیت کاهش پیدا کند.
Abstract
There is consistent evidence that impulsivity-like traits relate to problematic alcohol involvement; however, identifying mechanisms that account for this relation remains an important area of research. Drinking refusal self-efficacy (or a persons ability to resist alcohol; DRSE) has been shown to predict alcohol use among college students and may be a relevant mediator of the impulsivity–alcohol relation. The current study examined the indirect effect of various constructs related to impulsivity (i.e., urgency, sensation seeking, and deficits in conscientiousness) via several facets of DRSE (i.e., social pressure, opportunistic, and emotional relief) on alcohol-related problems among a large sample of college students (N = 891).
Overall, results indicated that certain DRSE facets were significant mediators of the relation between impulsivity-related constructs and alcohol problems. More specifically, emotional-relief DRSE was a mediator for the respective relations between urgency and deficits in conscientiousness and alcohol problems, whereas social-DRSE was a significant mediator of the respective relations between urgency and sensation seeking with alcohol problems. Results from this study suggest particular types of DRSE are important mediators of the relations between specific impulsivity constructs and alcoholrelated problems. These findings support prevention and intervention efforts that seek to enhance drinking refusal self-efficacy skills of college students, particularly those high in certain personality features, in order to reduce alcohol-related problems among this population.
Introduction
Evidence suggests that problematic alcohol involvement peaks in the early 20s (Dawson, Grant, Stinson, & Chou, 2004; Fillmore, 1988; Johnston, O’Malley, & Bachman, 1998). Indeed, pathological alcohol involvement has been considered a “developmental disorder of young adulthood” (Sher & Gotham, 1999), and numerous studies suggest college-attending young adults are more likely to engage in problematic drinking compared to their non-attending peers (Grant, Harford, & Grigson, 1988; O’Malley & Johnston, 2002; Schulenberg, O’Malley, Bachman, Wadsworth, & Johnston, 1996; Slutske et al., 2004; Slutske, 2005). Recent heavy episodic drinking (at least 5/4 drinks in one sitting for men/women) among college students is common (Johnston, O’Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2010), and alcohol is the greatest single contributor to college student morbidity and mortality (Hingson, Heeren,Winter, &Wechsler, 2005).
Given the concerns regarding problematic alcohol use among college students and other young adults, much focus has been placed on identifying factors that may contribute to alcohol-related problems. A large body ofwork has linked traits related to impulsivitywith problematic alcohol use (see Littlefield & Sher, 2010; Littlefield, Stevens, & Sher, 2014; Sher, Trull, Bartholow, & Vieth, 1999, for reviews). Notably, impulsivity has been conceptualized as a heterogeneous construct with distinct facets (e.g., Cloninger, Svrakic, & Pryzbeck, 1993; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1987; see Evenden, 1999; King et al., 2014). Expanding on work by Lynam, Smith, Whiteside, and Cyders (2006), Whiteside and Lynam (2001) proposed a five-facet model of impulsivity, which includes positive urgency (i.e., the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extremely positive emotion; e.g., “When I am in a great mood, I tend to get into situations that could cause me problems.”), negative urgency (i.e., the tendency to act rashly in response to distress; e.g., “When I feel bad, I will often do things I later regret in order to make myself feel better now.”), sensation seeking (i.e., the tendency to seek out new and thrilling experiences; e.g., “I generally seek new and exciting experiences and sensations.”), lack of planning (i.e., the tendency to act without thinking; e.g., reverse-scored item “I usually think carefully before doing anything.”), and lack of perseverance (i.e., the inability to remain focused on a task; e.g., “I tend to give up easily.”). At the facet level, each of these impulsivity-like traits have been shown to be associated with various alcohol-related outcomes, including binge drinking, alcohol dependence symptoms,
However, the extant literature examining drinking refusal selfefficacy as a mediator of the impulsivity–alcohol relation is limited, and the existing work in this area has utilized heterogeneous assessments of impulsivity (e.g., “rash impulsivity”; Gullo et al., 2010) that contain items that do not represent more contemporary conceptualizations of impulsivity (e.g., EPQ-R psychoticism scale [Eysenck & Eysenck, 1994], “Is (or was) your mother a good woman?”). Particular types of DRSE (rather than broadband measures) may be especially relevant to specific impulsivity facets. For example, given that individuals higher in urgency tend to act rashly in the presence of intense mood states, emotional-relief DRSE may be an important mechanism in which urgency influences alcohol outcomes.